How is a tympanum typically decorated?

A tympanum is typically decorated with sculptures or reliefs, particularly in Romanesque and Gothic architecture. This semicircular or triangular space above the entrance door of a church or cathedral often features detailed carvings that depict biblical scenes, figures of saints, or elaborate symbolic motifs. The decoration serves both an aesthetic function and a communicative one, as it visually narrates stories from the scriptures, inviting contemplation and offering theological teachings to worshippers and visitors.

The use of reliefs allows for a three-dimensional representation that captures the viewer’s attention and draws them into the narrative being portrayed. This emphasis on sculptural embellishment reflects the important role of visual art in conveying religious themes during the medieval period.

In contrast, stained glass primarily enhances the light within the interior spaces of the church but does not adorn the tympanum itself. Similarly, while paintings of saints can be found in churches, they are not a conventionally accepted decoration for tympana. Geometric patterns can appear in various contexts in architecture but do not define the typical use of a tympanum, which is celebrated for its narrative and sculptural qualities.