Which of the following best describes the overall feeling of Romanesque churches?

The overall feeling of Romanesque churches is best described as massive and fortress-like. This architectural style, which emerged in medieval Europe around the 10th to 12th centuries, is characterized by thick walls, sturdy columns, and a heavy, solid appearance. The use of rounded arches and barrel vaults contributes to the sense of strength and permanence in these structures, often resembling fortifications.

This sense of massiveness and fortress-like quality reflects the sociopolitical context of the time; during the Romanesque period, Europe experienced instability, and churches were often seen as places of refuge, both spiritually and physically. The architectural features, such as the lack of large windows and the use of heavy stone, create a sense of security and durability, distinguishing Romanesque churches from later styles that emphasized lightness and elegance.

In contrast, other feelings associated with different architectural styles do not capture the essence of Romanesque churches. For example, while some Gothic churches shifted towards an elegant and light feeling with their pointed arches and large stained glass windows, Romanesque architecture prioritized solidity and mass. Similarly, describing Romanesque churches as bright and colorful overlooks the typically somber coloration of their stone and the restrained decorative elements.